Developing a Hybrid Approach Based on Analytical and Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for the Optimization of Renewable DG Allocation Considering Various Types of Loads

Salah Kamel,Amal A. Mohamed,Ali Selim,Sang-Bong Rhee,Tahir Khurshaid

doi:10.3390/su13084447

Abstract

The optimal location of renewable distributed generations (DGs) into a radial distribution system (RDS) has attracted major concerns from power system researchers in the present years. The main target of DG integration is to improve the overall system performance by minimizing power losses and improving the voltage profile. Hence, this paper proposed a hybrid approach between an analytical and metaheuristic optimization technique for the optimal allocation of DG in RDS, considering different types of load. A simple analytical technique was developed in order to determine the sizes of different and multiple DGs, and a new efficient metaheuristic technique known as the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) was suggested in order to choose the best buses in the system, proportionate to the sizes determined by the analytical technique, in order to obtain the minimum losses and the best voltage profile. To verify the power of the proposed hybrid technique on the incorporation of the DGs in RDS, it was applied to different types of static loads; constant power (CP), constant impedance (CZ), and constant current (CI). The performance of the proposed algorithm was validated using two standards RDSs—IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-bus systems—and was compared with other optimization techniques.

Highlights

In order to further emphasize the strength of the proposed method, Table 4 illustrates a comparison between the proposed method results and other techniques for the constant power (CP) load case; the maximum benefit can be achieved at this case as the number of the distributed generations (DGs) which inject active and reactive power are increased, so that the minimum power losses are achieved and the voltages of all of the buses are improved when the three DGs are placed at the optimal locations, with optimal power factors of 0.91, 0.90, and 0.71, respectively
This paper presented an efficient hybrid analytical and metaheuristic technique to find the optimal locations and sizes of different and multiple types of DGs in order to minimize active power losses and improve the overall voltage profile
The hybrid technique was applied to three types of static loads in order o check the robustness of the proposed method

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to specify the optimal sizes and location of DG units in distribution systems; otherwise, it could lead to reverse actions, such as the increase in active power losses and a poor voltage profile. In order to check the performance of the hybrid technique in power loss reduction and voltage improvement, it is applied to the three types of static loads. SSA has been utilized in electrical power engineering problems; in [23], El-Fergany proposed a technique to define the parameters of the polarization curves of polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which are based on SSA, and in [24], the authors presented a modification and application of SSA called the enhanced salp swarm algorithm (ESSA); in [25], the SSA was employed to solve optimal power flow (OPF) problems.

Load Modelling

Forward–Backward Power Flow Algorithm

Inequality Constraints

Optimal Sizes

Discussion

IEEE 33-Bus Test System

Figures describe the voltage profiles

II for the CICI

Case1: One DG Integration

Case2: Two DGs Integration

Case 3

Conclusions