Abstract
ScopeDietary choices modulate the risk of chronic diseases and improving diet is a central component of public health strategies. Food‐derived metabolites present in urine could provide objective biomarkers of dietary exposure. To assist biomarker validation, this work aims to develop a food intervention strategy mimicking a typical annual diet over a short period of time and assesses urine sampling protocols potentially suitable for future deployment of biomarker technology in free‐living populations.Methods and resultsSix different menu plans comprehensively represent a typical UK annual diet that is split into two dietary experimental periods. Free‐living adult participants (n = 15 and n = 36, respectively) are provided with all their food, as a series of menu plans, over a period of three consecutive days. Multiple spot urine samples are collected and stored at home.ConclusionA successful food exposure strategy is established following a conventional UK eating pattern, which is suitable for biomarker validation in free‐living individuals. The urine sampling procedure is acceptable for volunteers and delivered samples suitable for biomarker quantification. The study design provides scope for validation of existing biomarker candidates and potentially for discovery of new biomarker leads, and should help inform the future deployment of biomarker technology for habitual dietary exposure measurement.
Highlights
An unbalanced diet and physical inactivity are important risk factors in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes, many cancers, dementia, and musculoskeletal diseases and drive the increase in obesity prevalence
Supporting Information 6 summarizes the major characteristics of typical dietary exposure biomarker discovery strategies
The menu design strategy, which is further described in Supporting Information 2, revealed target foods and food groups for incorporation into the menu design to facilitate future biomarker discovery for these food groups (Table 2 and Supporting Information 3)
Summary
An unbalanced diet and physical inactivity are important risk factors in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes, many cancers, dementia, and musculoskeletal diseases and drive the increase in obesity prevalence. For a clear understanding of the relationship between food exposure and health status or disease risk there is a need for accurate monitoring of diet which can be recorded using self-reported measures such as Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs), 24-h recall and diet diaries/records.
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