Abstract
The state of Selangor, in Malaysia consist of urban and peri-urban centres with good transportation system, and suitable temperature levels with high precipitations and humidity which make the state ideal for high number of dengue cases, annually. This study investigates if districts within the Selangor state do influence each other in determining pattern of dengue cases. Study compares two different models; the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Ensemble ARIMA models, using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) measurement to gauge their performance tools. ARIMA model is developed using the epidemiological data of dengue cases, whereas ensemble ARIMA incorporates the neighbouring regions’ dengue models as the exogenous variable (X), into traditional ARIMA model. Ensemble ARIMA models have better model fit compared to the basic ARIMA models by incorporating neighbuoring effects of seven districts which made of state of Selangor. The AIC and BIC values of ensemble ARIMA models to be smaller compared to traditional ARIMA counterpart models. Thus, study concludes that pattern of dengue cases for a district is subject to spatial effects of its neighbouring districts and number of dengue cases in the surrounding areas.
Highlights
The state of Selangor, in Malaysia consist of urban and peri-urban centres with good transportation system, and suitable temperature levels with high precipitations and humidity which make the state ideal for high number of dengue cases, annually
The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values of ensemble Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to be smaller compared to traditional ARIMA counterpart models
Of the total number of 120,836, 101,357 and 83,849 dengue cases that occurred in Malaysia, during the years of 2015, 2016, and 2017 respectively, 52.30%, 50.96% and 54.00% of these cases occurred in the state of Selangor[3]
Summary
The state of Selangor, in Malaysia consist of urban and peri-urban centres with good transportation system, and suitable temperature levels with high precipitations and humidity which make the state ideal for high number of dengue cases, annually. In looking into possible factors to be included in dengue prediction models, a previous s tudy[6] emphasized six factors contributing to dengue increase: serotype shift, climate change, human behavior, poor environmental sanitation, mobility of population and the ineffectiveness of the vector control activities. These factors mentioned should be considered while building the dengue forecasting models as studies have suggested that the Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:5873
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