Abstract
The use of Hinoki cypress for the formation of healing forest is gradually increased in South Korea, but the germination rate of these seeds is low, and viability determination by conventional methods is destructive and time-consuming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy in determining the viable seeds of Hinoki cypress nondestructively. FT-NIR reflectance spectra for single seeds were collected in the range of 4000–10,000 cm−1 (1000–2500 nm), and a germination test was carried out to determine viability. To differentiate between viable and nonviable seeds, a multivariate classification with partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was developed. The best PLS-DA model assigned the seeds to their respective classes, with 97.7–99.2% and 94.4–95.4% accuracy in the calibration and validation sets, respectively. The PLS-DA Beta coefficient revealed the important wavelength to differentiate viable from nonviable seeds, which was attributed to changes in the chemical composition of the seeds, such as lipids and proteins, which might be responsible for the germination ability of the seeds. Variable importance of projection (VIP) was applied on the spectral data which reduced original variables from 1557 to 27. The developed VIP-PLS-DA model resulted into classification accuracy of 97.7% in calibration and 91.7% in the validation set, with maximum normalization data preprocessing method. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy as a powerful nondestructive method for determination of viable Hinoki cypress seeds, which could be applied in the development of an online sorting technique for seed companies and nurseries.
Published Version
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