Determination of Trace Metal Levels in the General Population of Korea.

Hyun-Jun Kim,Eun-Jung Oh,Hwan-Sub Lim,Hyun-Kyung Park,Nam Mi Kang,Kyoung-Ryul Lee,Chang Hoon Lee,Mi-Hyun Choi

doi:10.3390/ijerph14070702

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of trace metals in the blood of the general Korean population. A total of 258 healthy individuals, according to their regular medical check-ups, (119 males and 139 females, age ranging from 12 to 78 years old) were enrolled from December 2014 to December 2016. Levels of 10 trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The geometric mean (GM) levels for lead, arsenic, cesium, mercury, aluminum, cadmium, copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc were 15.97 μg/L, 7.19 μg/L, 2.39 μg/L, 3.41 μg/L, 10.57 μg/L, 0.78 μg/L, 979.8 μg/L, 11.06 μg/L, 111.37 μg/L, and 872.7 μg/L, respectively. There were significant gender-related differences in the levels of several metals; male individuals had higher Pb, As, Cs, Hg, and Se than females, while females had higher Cd, Cu, and Mn than males. We noticed remarkably high blood levels of Hg, As and Al in the Korean population. The element concentrations reported represent a new contribution to the knowledge of the blood chemistry for the Korea population. The data can be used to assess the clinical health of this population.

Highlights

With the advancement of industry, there is an increasing demand for the measurement of harmful substances in the human body due to environmental pollution
Large-scale studies have been conducted in several countries to establish reference values for trace metal concentrations, which are the basis for further exposure assessment and other toxicity studies [2,3]
In order to evaluate the degree of accumulation of heavy metals, national studies should be conducted for establishing accurate analytical techniques, selecting reference values, and establishing appropriate acceptance criteria

Summary

Introduction

With the advancement of industry, there is an increasing demand for the measurement of harmful substances in the human body due to environmental pollution. Environmental pollutants such as heavy metals de-regulate the immune system, cause various adverse physiological functions and increase the prevalence and incidence of various diseases including cancer [1]. Large-scale studies have been conducted in several countries to establish reference values for trace metal concentrations, which are the basis for further exposure assessment and other toxicity studies [2,3]. In order to evaluate the degree of accumulation of heavy metals, national studies should be conducted for establishing accurate analytical techniques, selecting reference values, and establishing appropriate acceptance criteria

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion