Determination of trace lead(II) in cleavers (Galium aparine) tea by Uv-vis spectrophotometry after preconcentration with deep eutectic solvent/DTZ probe-based liquid-liquid microextraction

Abstract

In this study, a method was developed for the determination of trace lead(II) levels in cleavers (Galium aparine) tea by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry after preconcentration with probe-based liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) method. Deep eutectic solvent/dithizone (DES/DTZ) solution was used in the preconcentration of lead-containing samples. DES solution was prepared using choline chloride and phenol. The detection limit of the method for lead(II) was calculated as 1.53 µg/L under the optimum conditions applied in the study. In addition, the percent relative standard deviation value was found to be 4.21% (n = 8). Three different brands of cleavers (Galium aparine) were provided to be used in the analyzes to be made within the scope of the study. Samples containing 10, 30, and 50 µg/L lead solutions were prepared in tea extracts to be used in recovery experiments. Percent recovery values were primarily calculated against pure water. Then, the matrix matching method was applied between tea samples belonging to different brands to evaluate the performance of the method we developed in different matrix environments. Satisfactory recovery results were obtained between 97% and 104% at three different concentrations. With the developed method, lead analysis can be performed satisfactorily in Cleavers (Galium aparine) tea in different matrix environments.