Abstract
High-field Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed on a range of tin-containing ternary and binary silicate glass systems. All the glasses unambiguously exhibited a positive value for for the valence state. Determination of the sign of indicates that the electron distribution around each Sn nucleus is similar at all the tin atoms, which is a significant finding for glasses. These results suggest that the electronic state of the is dictated by its non-bonding electron orbital, which has strong character, and which provides the dominant contribution to the electric field gradient present at the nucleus.
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