Determination of the residues of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in animal origin foods by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/ MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA) and quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) as the marker residues for carbadox (CBX) and olaquindox (OLA), respectively, in the muscles and livers of porcine and chicken and in the muscles of fish and shrimp. The MQCA and QCA were deproteinated with 5% metaphosphoric acid in 10% methanol followed by liquid-liquid extraction. Further clean-up was performed by solid phase extraction (SPE) through mixed mode anion-exchange columns (Oasis MAX SPE). The separation of the compounds was carried on a Waters Xterra MS C18 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 microm) by a gradient elution using methanol and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phases. The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization. The MQCA and QCA were quantified by internal standard method. The linear ranges were 1.0-20.0 microg/L and the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.9996. The average recoveries and relative standard deviations ranged from 62.4%-118% and 1.48%-28.1% respectively at the spiked levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 1.0 microg/kg for the both markers. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.1 microg/kg. The method is sensitive, accurate and suitable for the determination and confirmation of MQCA and QCA in animal origin foods.