Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of four cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-based mouthwashes: CPC+Propolis, CPC+Malva, CPC+Eucaliptol+Juá+Romã+Propolis (Natural Honey®) and CPC (Cepacol®), against 28 Staphylococcus aureus field strains, using the agar dilution method. Decimal dilutions ranging from 1/10 to 1/ 655,360 were prepared and added to Mueller Hinton Agar. Strains were inoculated using Steers multipoint inoculator. The inocula were seeded onto the surface of the culture medium in Petri dishes containing different dilutions of the mouthwashes. The dishes were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. For readings, the MID was considered as the maximum dilution of mouthwash still capable of inhibiting microbial growth. The obtained data showed that CPC+Propolis had antimicrobial activity against 27 strains at 1/320 dilution and against all 28 strains at 1/160 dilution, CPC+Malva inhibited the growth of all 28 strains at 1/320 dilution, CPC+Eucaliptol+Juá+Romã+Propolis inhibited the growth of 2 strains at 1/640 dilution and all 28 strains at 1/320 dilution, and Cepacol® showed antimicrobial activity against 3 strains at 1/320 dilution and against all 28 strains at 1/160 dilution. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test, showing that the MID of Cepacol® was lower than that determined for the other products (p<0.05). In conclusion, CPC-mouthwashes showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and the addition of other substances to CPC improved its antimicrobial effect.
Highlights
A wide range of options in oral antiseptics and toothpastes is available in the market
The obtained data showed that cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)+Propolis had antimicrobial activity against strains at 1/320 dilution and against all strains at 1/160 dilution, CPC+Malva inhibited the growth of all 28 strains at 1/320 dilution, CPC+Eucaliptol+Juá+Romã+Propolis inhibited the growth of 2 strains at 1/640 dilution and all 28 strains at 1/320 dilution, and Cepacol® showed antimicrobial activity against 3 strains at 1/320 dilution and against all 28 strains at 1/160 dilution
The mouthwashes evaluated in this study presented different maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) (Table 2 and Figure 2)
Summary
A wide range of options in oral antiseptics and toothpastes is available in the market. It acts primarily by penetrating the cell membrane, causing leakage of cell components, disruption of the bacterial metabolism, inhibition of cell growth, and cell death[3] Natural extracts, such as propolis, Malva sylvestris, Punica granatum, Zizyphus joazeiro, Eucalyptus globulus, and Salvadora persica are included in the formulation of commercially available oral hygiene products. Among the microorganisms present in the oral cavity, the reduction in the number of S. aureus prior to surgical procedures has been associated with a lower incidence of infective endocarditis and postoperative infections[1] The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of CPC-based mouthwashes and other products containing natural extracts in addition to CPC against 28 S. aureus field strains
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