Abstract
The formation of the solid electrolyte interphase was detected in operando on glassy carbon electrodes in presence of different cations.
Highlights
The formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is one of the main sources of irreversible charge loss during the operation of lithium-ion batteries based on graphite and silicon negative electrodes.[1,2] The SEI layer is formed during the rst cycle from the irreversible decomposition products of the electrolyte components.[2]
At constant tip-to-sample distance, when a potential more cathodic than the formal potential of the redox couple is applied to the sample, the feedback current recorded at the microelectrode increases until it reaches a limiting value
On the other side, when the potential applied to the sample is sufficiently cathodic to form the SEI, the feedback current recorded at the microelectrode decreases due to the electronically insulating nature of this protective layer, as reported previously.[15,20]
Summary
The formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is one of the main sources of irreversible charge loss during the operation of lithium-ion batteries based on graphite and silicon negative electrodes.[1,2] The SEI layer is formed during the rst cycle from the irreversible decomposition products of the electrolyte components.[2]. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in its feedback mode of operation was recently suggested as an in operando technique to determine on the one hand the potential of the SEI formation and on the other hand to in-depth evaluate the electronic insulating properties of this layer. It was shown[15] that SECM can be advantageously employed to follow the formation of an insulating layer on the surface of a chosen battery material by recording the current at a microelectrode positioned near the surface of the sample. The effect of the polarization potential range and of the presence of different cations, namely tetrabutylammonium or sodium ions, on the stability and electronic insulating properties of the SEI was evaluated as well
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