Abstract
Pumpkin seed oil (PSO), rice bran oil (RBO), sesame oil (SEO) are considered as functional oils due to its biological activities which are beneficial to human health, as a consequence, these oils had the higher price. This attracted unethical players to blend these oils with lower price oils, therefore, its authentication by analysis of purity levels of oils is very important. This study highlighted the potential application of FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibrations for analysis of PSO, RBO, and SEO in ternary mixtures. Individual FTIR spectra of studied oils as well as in ternary mixtures with certain compositions were scanned and pre-processed. Two multivariate calibrations of principle component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) were compared and used to build the prediction models at optimized FTIR spectra regions. The selection of multivariate calibrations, wavenumbers region, and FTIR spectra modes was based on the statistical parameters of highest R2 and lowest values of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). The results showed that PLSR using second derivative FTIR spectra at wavenumbers region of 3100-2750 and 1500-663 cm-1 was used to predict the levels of PSO in ternary mixtures with RBO and SEO with R2 > 0.99 in calibration and validation models along with RMSEC value of 0.0054% and RMSEP of 0.0179%. FTIR spectra using the second and first derivatives at wavenumbers of 3100-650 cm-1 were used for prediction of RBO and SEO in ternary mixture with PSO, respectively. It can be concluded that FTIR spectra combined with PLSR at certain wavenumbers region are accurate as indicated by high R2 values and precise as indicated by low values of RMSEC and RMSEP for analysis of PSO, RBO and SEO in ternary mixtures.
Highlights
Sesame oil (SEO) has a high price in the fats and oils industry due to delightful odor, delicious taste, and nutritional value (Ramesh et al, 2005)
Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) has been reported to contain phytosterols, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, tocopherols, and small levels of carotenoids responsible to some biological activities which are beneficial to human health (Cuco et al, 2019) including prevention of gastric, breast, colorectal and lung cancers (Elfiky et al, 2012), retardation of hypertension progression antihypertension (Zuhair et al, 2000), prevention of prostate disease, mitigation of hypercholesterolemia and arthritis, alleviation of diabetes mellitus by enhancing hypoglycaemic activity, reduction of bladder and urethral pressure (Fruhwirth et al, 2003; Fu et al, 2006), improving bladder compliance and urinary disorder in Human overactive bladder (Nishimura et al, 2014), and offering good antioxidant sources (Nawirska-Olszanska et al, 2013; Naziri et al, 2016)
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra could be effective means for analysis of complex samples due to its capability to provide several analytical signals which could be exploited as dependent variables in quantitative analysis using calibration models
Summary
Sesame oil (SEO) has a high price in the fats and oils industry due to delightful odor, delicious taste, and nutritional value (Ramesh et al, 2005). It can be used for preparing several foods including soup, salad, forcemeat and refreshments, which can promote the appetite (Ji et al, 2019). RBO is rich in multiple dietary phytochemicals including tocopherols (tocophenol and tocotrienol), squalene, phytosterols, polyphenols, and γ-oryzanol (Patel and Naik, 2004) These bioactive compounds are responsible for biological activities such as antioxidant (Thanonkaew et al, 2012), anti-inflammatory agent (Rao et al, 2016), and for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia (Wilson et al, 2007)
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