Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a UV spectroscopy method in combination with multivariate analysis for determining vitexin in binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves extract.
 Methods: The partial least square (PLS) regression and the principal component regression (PCR) was performed in this study to evaluate several statistical performances such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and relative error of prediction (REP). Cross-validation in this study was performed using leave one out technique.
 Results: The R2 values of calibration data sets resulted from PLS and PCR method were 0.9675 and 0.9648, respectively. The low values of RMSEC and RMSECV both for PLS and PCR method indicated the minimum error of the calibration models. The R2 values of validation data sets resulted from PLS and PCR method were 0.9778 and 0.9820, respectively. The low values of RMSEP both for PLS and PCR method indicated the minimum error of prediction generated from the calibration data sets. Multivariate calibration techniques were applied to determine the content of vitexin in binahong leaves extract. Predicted values from the multivariate calibration models were compared to the actual values determined from a validated HPLC method. It was found that PLS models resulted in the lowest REP values compared to the PCR models.
 Conclusion: The chemometrics technique can be applied as an alternative method for determining vitexin levels in the ethanol solution of binahong leaves extract.
Highlights
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), one of 6000 types of plants in Indonesia, have been used for several health treatments [1]
This study aims to determine the levels of vitexin in binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) leaf extracts using spectrophotometry combined with multivariate techniques
The representative chromatogram profile of the sample and vitexin were presented in fig. 1 and 2
Summary
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis), one of 6000 types of plants in Indonesia, have been used for several health treatments [1]. Binahong has pharmacological effects such as anti-bacterial [25], anti-fungal [6], anti-aging [7], anti-diabetes [8], wound healing [9,10,11], anti-inflammatory [12], anti-oxidant [13], anti-cancer [14], anti-obesity [15] and anti-hyperuricemia [16]. Due to its pharmacological activities, binahong was potential to be developed as traditional medicine. Several active compounds were reported and obtained from binahong such as ursolic acid, ancordin, apigenin [17] and vitexin [13, 18]. It can be stated that vitexin, one of the active compounds in binahong, can be potentially developed as an anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer. Vitexin was used as a marker in the standardization of binahong leaf extract
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