Determination of sensitization to dust mite allergens D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae in patients with respiratory allergic diseases using immunoblot and multiplex component testing

Abstract

Objective — to evaluate the diagnostic parameters of the immunoblot and ImmunoCAP ISAC methods for determining sensitization to allergens of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae in patients with respiratory allergic diseases — allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.Materials and methods. In the process of this study, 40 patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were examined using two different methods of specific allergological diagnosis (in vitro). The study was open, randomized, comparative. The quantitative determination of specific IgE in blood serum was carried out using the RIDA® AllergyScreen immunoblot method (R-Biopharm AG, Germany) at the private laboratory of the Allergo-Immunological Center CPR LLC. Examination by the method of ImmunoCAP ISAC was performed in the Clinic of Allergology and Immunology «Forpost».Results and discussion. Sensitization to D. farinae allergen was 35.0 % (14 people) with specific IgE by the Rida AllergyScreen method, 42.5 % (17 people) with specific IgE by the ImmunoCAP ISAC method; sensitization to D. рteronyssinus allergen was 35.0 % (14 people) with specific IgE by the Rida AllergyScreen method, 40.0 % (16 people) with specific IgE by the ImmunoCAP ISAC method.Conclusions. As a method for the quantitative determination of specific IgE to the D. farinae allergen, the immunoblot compared with ImmunoCAP ISAC has high specificity and predictability of a positive result (100 %), but the sensitivity and predictability of a negative result are 82.35 % (95 % CI: 56.57—96.20) and 88.46 % (95 % CI: 73.30—95.54), respectively, and the accuracy of the method is 92.5 % (95 % CI: 79.61—98.43).As a method for the quantitative determination of specific IgE to the D. pteronyssinus allergen, the immunoblot compared with ImmunoCAP ISAC, similar to the results of preliminary testing, has high specificity and predictability of a positive result (100 %), however, the sensitivity and predictability of a negative result have a value of 75.00 % (95 % CI: 47.62—92.73) and 85.71 % (95 % CI: 71.97—93.34), respectively, and the accuracy of the method is 90.00 % (95 % CI: 76.34; 97.21).