Abstract
Abstract Radar meteorologists have estimated, over a number of years, rainfall rate with ground-based radars. Since the 1970s, use of weather radar as an active technique to measure rainfall from space has been proposed, and a number of radar concepts, including modified radar altimeter design, were proposed. However, no attempt has yet been made to determine rain cell characteristics from available altimeter data. This paper presents a method to estimate rainfall rate and rain cell diameter from TOPEX/Poseidon dual frequency radar altimeter waveforms. The rain-affected waveforms are first selected using a criterion based on a departure from a normal Ku–C-band backscatter coefficient relationship and on a threshold of liquid water content estimated by the TOPEX microwave radiometer. The analytical representation of echo waveforms under rain conditions is used to model the effect of rain. A minimization procedure is then used to determine the model’s best fit to the observed waveforms. Several case studies...
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