Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the specific polymorphic sites in cattle breeds and inter- and interbreed genetic variation among breeds and to develop a databank of Turkish native cattle mtDNA using sequence analysis. The entire D-loop region was analyzed based on DNA sequences in Turkish Grey, East Anatolian Red, South Anatolian Red, and Anatolian Black native breeds. In total, 68 nucleotide differences were observed at 26 different sites. The variable positions consisted of 22 transitions, two transversions, and two insertions, but no deletions. Haplotype number, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and mean number of pairwise difference values were found to be 17, 0.993, 0.00478, and 4.275, respectively. In addition, a phylogeny was developed by comparison among cattle populations for which the entire D-loop sequence was available. A high level of genetic variation was observed within and among the native cattle breeds.
Highlights
The analysis of mtDNA sequence diversity has provided important insights into the origin and diversity of modern cattle populations
A subsequent study has argued that modern mtDNA sequence distributions suggest biologically distinct origins for the indigenous B. taurus populations of Africa and Europe (Bradley et al, 1996)
Phylogenetic analysis Using the NCBI GenBank, we identified 75 samples from 19 foreign cattle breeds for which the entire mtDNA D-loop region sequences were available and added the data to allow comparison with the studied samples; in total, 93 samples were used for phylogenetic analyses (GenBank accession numbers: AB065119-31; AB085918-26; AB117037-38; AF022916; AF034438-42,46; AY378133-36, 38-42; AY521119-20, 27-28; AY676865-73; DQ124403-13, 16-18; EF126306-23; L27720-23, 32-33, 36-37; U92230; and reference V00654)
Summary
The analysis of mtDNA sequence diversity has provided important insights into the origin and diversity of modern cattle populations. The main phenotypic subdivision of cattle into Bos taurus and Bos indicus has been shown to correlate with a marked sequence differentiation at the mtDNA level (Loftus et al, 1994a). It has been found using either microsatellite or mtDNA analysis that there are at least two regions of cattle breed domestication. A subsequent study has argued that modern mtDNA sequence distributions suggest biologically distinct origins for the indigenous B. taurus populations of Africa and Europe (Bradley et al, 1996). East Anatolian Red (EAR) is a native breed adapted to the harsh
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