Abstract
BackgroundClinical data in social media are an underused source of information with great potential to allow for a deeper understanding of patient values, attitudes, and preferences.ObjectiveThis tutorial aims to describe a novel, robust, and modular method for the sentiment analysis and emotion detection of free text from web-based forums and the factors to consider during its application.MethodsWe mined the discussion and user information of all posts containing search terms related to a medical subspecialty (oculoplastics) from MedHelp, the largest web-based platform for patient health forums. We used data cleaning and processing tools to define the relevant subset of results and prepare them for sentiment analysis. We executed sentiment and emotion analyses by using IBM Watson Natural Language Understanding to generate sentiment and emotion scores for the posts and their associated keywords. The keywords were aggregated using natural language processing tools.ResultsOverall, 39 oculoplastic-related search terms resulted in 46,381 eligible posts within 14,329 threads. Posts were written by 18,319 users (117 doctors; 18,202 patients) and included 201,611 associated keywords. Keywords that occurred ≥500 times in the corpus were used to identify the most prominent topics, including specific symptoms, medication, and complications. The sentiment and emotion scores of these keywords and eligible posts were analyzed to provide concrete examples of the potential of this methodology to allow for a better understanding of patients’ attitudes. The overall sentiment score reflects a positive, neutral, or negative sentiment, whereas the emotion scores (anger, disgust, fear, joy, and sadness) represent the likelihood of the presence of the emotion. In keyword grouping analyses, medical signs, symptoms, and diseases had the lowest overall sentiment scores (−0.598). Complications were highly associated with sadness (0.485). Forum posts mentioning body parts were related to sadness (0.416) and fear (0.321). Administration was the category with the highest anger score (0.146). The top 6 forum subgroups had an overall negative sentiment score; the most negative one was the Neurology forum, with a score of −0.438. The Undiagnosed Symptoms forum had the highest sadness score (0.448). The least likely fearful posts were those from the Eye Care forum, with a score of 0.260. The overall sentiment score was much more negative before the doctor replied. The anger, disgust, fear, and sadness emotion scores decreased in likelihood, whereas joy was slightly more likely to be expressed after doctors replied.ConclusionsThis report allows physicians and researchers to efficiently mine and perform sentiment analysis on social media to better understand patients’ perspectives and promote patient-centric care. Important factors to be considered during its application include evaluating the scope of the search; selecting search terms and understanding their linguistic usages; and establishing selection, filtering, and processing criteria for posts and keywords tailored to the desired results.
Highlights
Understanding patient attitudes and expectations toward health care is an important component of promoting patient-centric care and patient satisfaction
Twitter is a common and popular platform based on which many infoveillance studies are conducted, its space-limited format contrasts with web-based health forums, which are a rich resource for understanding patient attitudes toward medical issues by supporting patients in directly seeking medical advice, sharing their medical experiences, and discussing their symptoms at length [9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
Keywords that occurred at least 500 times in the corpus were included for analysis; 383 keywords were from patients’ posts and 54 keywords were from doctors’ posts. We grouped these keywords into nine relevant categories: body parts; medical signs, symptoms, and diseases; people; medication and treatment; procedures; complications; administration; aggravating and relieving factors; and others
Summary
Understanding patient attitudes and expectations toward health care is an important component of promoting patient-centric care and patient satisfaction. In 2012, 72% of American internet users sought health information on the web [5] and many increasingly expressed their medical concerns on the web [6,7]. These web-based communication outlets include social networks (eg, Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram), doctor review websites (eg, Healthgrades, Vitals, or RateMDs), and health web forums (eg, MedHelp, Health245, or Patient info). Clinical data in social media are an underused source of information with great potential to allow for a deeper understanding of patient values, attitudes, and preferences
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