Abstract
This article discusses distribution system storage that is provided for hourly load leveling, or equalization, and as a reserve against fire and interruption of service. In larger cities the pressure system storages provided for equalization are relatively large, and portions of such storage held in reserve will generally be larger than the National Board of Fire Underwriters (NBFU) fire flow reserve requirements. The volume of equalization storage required is a function of demand pattern. Storage may be in the immediate pressure system, or upstream of it on the ground at input points. In‐system storage is generally elevated; the apportionment of total storage between ground and elevated storage depends on economic and hydraulic factors. Transmission main cost is the only substantially significant economic factor dictating in‐system storage. Investigation of the Dallas water demand pattern in conjunction with examination of the Dallas electric‐power billing rate eliminates peak electric‐power demand charges as a factor in sizing in‐system elevated storage. Elevated storage is intrinsically useful in the operation of a pressure system; therefore, a certain amount of elevated storage can always be justified. The determination of the capacities of all storage facilities is not complete until due consideration is given to the cycle of discharge and replenishment.
Published Version
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