Determination of herbicides in stemflow and throughfall of beeches ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and in rainfall

Abstract

The pesticide contamination of water samples collected in and nearby a beech forest in northern Germany was evaluated. For this purpose, a method for the collection of water samples from stemflow and throughfall of beeches ( Fagus sylvatica L.) and rainfall was developed in response to the demands for the analysis of organic contaminants in water samples. Furthermore a sensitive and selective multiresidue method was developed to determine 18 pesticides, frequently used in Germany, in aqueous samples. The samples collected were taken from the stemflow, the crown throughfall and the rainfall between May and November 2001. Analysis based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography with a pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometer followed a solid phase extraction using C-18 extraction cartridges. Isoproturon, metolachlor, prosulfocarb and terbuthylazine were found during and shortly after their application period. In rainfall metolachlor, terbuthylazine and prosulfocarb were detectable in concentrations between 5 and 65 ng l −1 and isoproturon in concentrations between 20 and 360 ng l −1 respectively. In most of the samples, concentrations of those four pesticides were higher and detectable for a longer time in stemflow than in rainfall. Crown throughfall samples were collected from the end of August to November. Absolute deposition of isoproturon to forest soil were up to 70 times higher in comparison to rainwater samples.