Abstract
Fluoride is widespread in the environment, water, air, vegetation and Earth’s crust which can entre ground and surface water by natural process. Fluoride in minute quantities is essential component for human health and help in normal mineralization of bone and formation of dental enamel. The determination of fluoride in some species was performed by using fluoride ion-selective electrode by direct measurement and standard addition method. The concentration of fluoride ion was determined in drinking water (from different place at Kathmandu), toothpaste, various brand of tea and coffees. The range of fluoride concentration in water sample was 0.16 to 0.39 mg/l, tea and coffee samples were 0.011 to 0.084 mg/l and its value of toothpaste was 0.026 to 0.75 mg/l. The concentration of fluoride ion obtain from different sample was compared with the legitimate value given by the world health organization.
Highlights
Fluoride ion is the ionic form of fluorine which is mostly found in various sample and play Vitol role for human health and environment, but consumption or presence of large amount of fluoride harmful for health and environment [1]
The electrode potential of the solution is measured by using fluoride selective electrode
Fluoride Concentration of Water and Bottled Water at Kathmandu The fluoride level was determined in drinking water samples collected from cite
Summary
Fluoride ion is the ionic form of fluorine which is mostly found in various sample and play Vitol role for human health and environment, but consumption or presence of large amount of fluoride harmful for health and environment [1]. It has indispensable role in prevention of dental caries [3]. Fluorosis is defined as an abnormal condition caused by excessive intake of fluoride as from fluoridated drinking water, characterized by mottling of the teeth. High level of fluoride has been associate with various adverse effects in living being. Consumption of fluoride at level beyond those used in fluoridated water for a long period of time causes skeletal fluorosis. The only generally accepted adverse effect of fluoride at level used for water fluoridation is dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of children’s teeth during tooth development; this is mostly mild and usually only on aesthetic concern. As a Compared to unfluoridated water, fluoridation to 1 mg/L is estimated to cause fluorosis in one of every 6 people (range 4 - 21), and to cause fluorosis of aesthetic concern in every 22 people [9]
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