Determination of factors affecting the profitability variables by panel data analysis in the islamic banks: the case of Turkey

Abstract

Islamic banks, which operate on the profit and loss sharing basis, have an important role in the financial system in terms of the collected funds bringing into the real economy. Therefore, for a strong economic structure, the market share of Islamic banks in the financial system needs to increase. The profitability level of banks is one of the most important financial performance indicators. Determining the factors that affect profitability indicates which issues are vital. The aim of this paper is to determine the factors that affect the profitability of participation banks operating in Turkey. In this context, panel data estimation methods were applied by using the data obtained from the financial statements (2006-2019) of three participation banks (Kuveyt Türk, Albaraka ve Türkiye Finans) and various macroeconomic indicators of the country. The most appropriate model was tried to be determined. In this study, the effect of capital adequacy ratio, bank size, credit risk, operational risk, operating effectiveness, inflation and GNP growth rate on return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) was analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, bank size, credit risk, operating effectiveness and inflation rates has an effect on ROA. Also, the effect of credit risk, operational risk, operating effectiveness and inflation rates on ROE is determined. Independent variables that do not have an impact on the profitability of banks are determined as capital adequacy ratio and growth. Also, according to the results of the analysis, it is possible to express that banks’ specific variables are more effective on the profitability of participation banks than macroeconomic indicators.