Abstract
BackgroundDNA profiling is an integral part of forensic work. Enough and good samples for DNA quantification and profiling are mandatory. Aim of the studyTo quantify and profile DNA from siwak and toothbrushes and study the effect of time on this process. MethodologyThe present study included DNA profiling from siwak and effect of time on extracted DNA. Then; obtained data were compared to those extracted from toothbrushes. For this purpose, 25 uncovered siwaks, 4 covered siwaks, and 25 toothbrushes were used. Samples were divided into 8 groups; first group (4months; 4 volunteers); second group (3months, 5 volunteers); third group (2months, 4 volunteers); fourth group (1month, 5 volunteers); fifth group (1week, 3 volunteers); sixth group (the same day, 4 volunteers and covered siwak was added); seventh group (reference samples) and group 8 (positive and negative control samples). Extraction of DNA was done using Promega kit and then PCR was used for amplification and DNA profiling was done. ResultsConsiderable quantity of human genomic DNA was successfully extracted from siwaks. There was no proof of the existence of any substance in siwak or its components that may interfere with amplification of DNA by PCR or interfere with obtaining DNA profiles. Siwak proved to be a good and reliable source of human genomic DNA that is enough for DNA analysis. There has been no effect of time on DNA analysis and DNA profiling in this study (within the targeted period which is 4months). ConclusionSiwak contains enough quantity of DNA, and retained good DNA profiling; and when compared to toothbrushes, siwak is a reasonable source of DNA profiling when found at the scene of crime. In addition, time of storage up to 4months had no or little effects on results.
Highlights
DNA profiling, since its introduction in 1985 [1,2], has been frequently employed by the forensic community to assist in the identification of individuals and has become an indispensable tool in criminal investigation, disaster victim identification and parentage analysis
Siwak contains enough quantity of DNA, and retained good DNA profiling; and when compared to toothbrushes, siwak is a reasonable source of DNA profiling when found at the scene of crime
There was a significant increase of DNA quantity extracted from siwak samples as a whole (18.96 ± 16.15) when compared to total quantity extracted from toothbrush samples as a whole (1.76 ± 1.07), (p < 0.001%)
Summary
DNA profiling, since its introduction in 1985 [1,2], has been frequently employed by the forensic community to assist in the identification of individuals and has become an indispensable tool in criminal investigation, disaster victim identification and parentage analysis. The amplification of compromised DNA samples, for example those exposed to harsh environmental conditions, skeletal remains of missing persons or human remains from mass disasters, can result in partial or no genetic profile. This loss of signal could be due to the presence of PCR inhibitors co-extracted with the forensic evidence, or a degraded DNA template due to bacterial, biochemical or oxidative processes [4]. Enough and good samples for DNA quantification and profiling are mandatory
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