Abstract
Treatment using medicinal plants with a long history of use is of interest to our society. These plants include Saponaria officinalis L., as well commonly known as common soapwort belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae. The herb and roots of this plant used as a blood purifier, an expectorant in bronchitis, diaphoretic and diuretic, for skin diseases, to increase bile flow. The plant contains various secondary metabolites, but there is no information on the fatty acids composition of Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots. The aim. The aim of the present study was to determine the qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method (GC/MS) in Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots. Materials and methods. The determination of fatty acids composition of Saponaria officinalis L. herb and roots were carried out by gas chromatograph Agilent 6890N (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. The research of Saponaria officinalis L. herb showed a mixture of unsaturated (1.9 mg/g) and saturated (1.27 mg/g) fatty acids. The main components of this raw material were linolenic (1.15 mg/g), linoleic (0.75 mg/g) and heneicosylic (0.38 mg/g) acids. The main components of this raw material were palmitic (0.38 mg/g), linoleic (0.16 mg/g) and linolenic (0.09 mg/g) acids. Conclusions. As a result of Saponaria officinalis L. study, the presence of fatty acids is established in herb and roots. Using the GC/MS method determined the qualitative composition and quantitative content of fatty acids in study raw material. Twelve fatty acids were determined in the herb of Saponaria officinalis L. The dominant fatty acids in the studied raw material were linolenic and linoleic acids, their content was 1.15 mg/g and 0.75 mg/g, respectively. Nine fatty acids were determined in the Saponaria officinalis L. roots. The palmitic acid prevailed among fatty acids, it is content was 0.38 mg/g. Our findings suggest that Saponaria officinalis L. is a promising plant because of the important role of fatty acids in different biological processes
Highlights
Today, methods of treatment using medicinal plants with a long history of use and small side effects are of interest to our society
Twelve fatty acids were determined in the Saponaria officinalis L. herb, including myristic, margaric, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, heneico
Nine fatty acids were determined of the roots of Saponaria officinalis L., seven fatty acids namely pentadecylic, palmitic, stearic, nonadecanoic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric were saturated and two fatty acids like linoleic and linolenic were polyunsaturated
Summary
Methods of treatment using medicinal plants with a long history of use and small side effects are of interest to our society. The various parts of Saponaria officinalis has been used in traditional medicine, roots as blood purifier, diaphoretic and diuretic; sap for hepatic eruptions, to increase bile flow; leaves and roots for skin diseases [5, 6]. The saponin fraction of common soapwort has shown an antiinflammatory activity in vitro against carrageenan induced rat-paw edema and inhibited prostaglandin synthetase [7, 8]. Purified saponins fraction of Saponaria officinalis have indicated hypocholesterolemic effects in vitro, which is consider to be due to the ability of saponin to form an insoluble complex with cholesterol [9, 10]
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