Determination of chlorprothixene and its sulfoxide metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and amperometric detection

Abstract

This communication describes a rapid, sensitive and selective method for the assay of chlorprothixene and its sulfoxide metabolite in human plasma, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Alkalinized plasma was extracted with heptane—isoamyl alcohol (99:1), after addition of thioridazineas the internal standard. The residue obtained after evaporation of this extract was chromatographed on a cyano column, using acetonitrile—0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 4.5 (60:40) as the mobile phase with ultraviolet (229nm) detection. Quantitation was based on peak height ratios over the concentration range of 5.0–50.0ng/ml for both compounds with 85% and 90% recovery for chlorprothixene and its sulfoxide metabolite, respectively, using a 1.0-ml plasma sample. The assay chromatographically resolves chlorprothixene and the sulfoxide metabolite from the N-desmethyl metabolite, which can only be semi-quantitated owing to low and variable recoveries. The method was used to obtain plasma concentration versus time profiles in two subjects after oral administration of 100 mg of chlorprothixene suspension and in two additional subjects following overdosages of chlorprothixene estimated to exceed several hundred milligrams. These analyses demonstrated that the sulfoxide metabolite is the predominant plasma component following therapeutic administration and over dosages. High—performance liquid chromatography with oxidative amperomeric detection with the glassy carbon electrode was also evaluated. Although this procedure demonstrated comparable sensitivity and precision to ultravoilet detection for the analysis of chloroprothixiene and N—desmethyl chloroprothixene, the sulfide metabolite could not be measured with high sensitivity (< 100 ng ml) owing to endogenous interferences. Hence the utility of this alternative assay technique is limited.