Abstract
Heat stress is an important factor negatively affecting the productive characteristics, immune response and reproductive performance of livestock. Sustainable livestock systems that can tolerate the impact of increasing environmental temperature are very important to ensure global food security. Oxidative stress triggered by heat stress influences plasma Na and K levels in cattle. The ATP1A1 gene encodes the α1 isoform that forms the transmembrane subunit of the NA,K ATPase enzyme. The α subunit plays a major role in maintaining sodium-potassium homeostasis in all animal cells. The aim of the study was to determine ATP1A1 gene polymorphisms in Turkish Holstein cattle. The target regions (intron 17 and exon 18) were amplified and sequenced in 50 Turkish Holstein cattle. Multiple alignments revealed three SNP. rs109703332 A>G and rs110455455 C>T were detected in intron 17 and a synonymous SNP rs110256520 C>A in exon 18. It was observed that the three SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other and therefore had the same genotype and allele frequencies. The three SNPs were found to be highly linked in one haplotype block. This haplotype block consisted of 2 haplotypes (CCA and ATG). The frequency of the CCA haplotype was 0.860 and the ATG was 0.140. Individuals of Holstein cattle tolerate heat stress to different levels. This difference between individuals may be due to variations in the genes involved in the adaptation mechanism. Therefore, it is important to identify polymorphisms in genes involved in the heat stress tolerance mechanism. In conclusion, in this study, the three SNPs and the two haplotypes were determined on the ATP1A1 gene in Turkish Holsteins cattle.
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