Abstract
A simple analytical method for quantification of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is described. The method is based on the reaction, on the filter paper surface, between the drug and p-chloranil producing a colored compound. The best reaction conditions were obtained with 20 µL of atenolol solution and 20 µL of p-chloranil. All reflectance measurements were carried out at 550 nm and the linear range was from 1.13x10-2 to 7.88x10-2 mol L-1 (r = 0.9992). The limit of detection was 2.80 x 10-3 mol L-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to analysis of different commercial brands of pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained using the British Pharmacopoeia method.
Highlights
Nowadays, in the development of new analytical procedures, care about the toxicity and danger of the reagents used and the wastes produced are as important as any other analytical feature
The objective of this study is to show the convenience of the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as an attractive technique for analysis of atenolol in pharmaceutical formulations, emphasizing its simplicity, the extremely low reagents/solvents consumption and the possibility to perform quick, precise and accurate measurements
Spot test reaction p-Chloranil (2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone) has been used as chromogenic reagent for determination of several drugs, such as isoprenaline sulphate and metyldopa [39], fluoxetine and sertraline [40] and other antidepressives [41], salbutamol [42] and β-blockers [43], including atenolol. These methods are based on the interaction between electron donors and p-chloranil, which acts as π-acceptor, producing colored charge transfer complexes [44]
Summary
In the development of new analytical procedures, care about the toxicity and danger of the reagents used and the wastes produced are as important as any other analytical feature. The combined spot test-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy offers advantages over other methods, such as simplicity and extremely low consumption of reagents. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using spot test reactions on filter paper has been used for the determination of few drugs [32,36,37].
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