Determination of arylphenoxypropionic herbicides in water by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry

Abstract

A very sensitive and specific analytical procedure for determining arylphenoxypropionic herbicides in aqueous environmental samples, using pneumatically assisted electrospray (ESI) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is presented. Arylphenoxypropionic acids are a new class of herbicides used for the selective removal of most grass species from any nongrass crop. These herbicides are commercialized as herbicide esters. It has been shown that the ester derivatives undergo fast hydrolysis in the presence of vegetable tissues and soil bacteria, yielding the corresponding free acid. The analytical procedure involves passing 1 l of surface or ground water and 2 l of drinking-water samples, through a 0.5-g graphitized carbon black (GCB) extraction cartridge. A conventional 4.6-mm I.D. reversed-phase LC C 18, operating with a 1 ml/min mobile phase flow-rate, was used for chromatographing the analytes. A flow of 200 μl/min of the column effluent was diverted to the ESI source. The ESI source was operated in positive-ion mode for neutral pesticides and in negative-ion mode for acid pesticides. For ion-signal optimization, the effect of the concentration of the acid in the mobile phase on the response of the ESI–MS detector was investigated. By evaluating the specificity and sensitivity of the method, the effects of varying the orifice plate voltage on the production of the diagnostic fragment and the response of the MS detector were also investigated. For the analyte considered, the response of the mass detector was linearly related to the amount of the analyte injected between 1 and 200 ng. In all cases, recoveries of the analytes were better than 91%. The limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio=3) of the method for the pesticides considered in drinking water samples was estimated to be about 3–10 ng/l.