Abstract
The extensive progress of dairy sectors in a developing country like Bangladesh, led to widespread use of antibiotics to improve the health and productivity of animals. Prolonged usage may lead to antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin; hence, the emergence of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. Accurate data on the antibiotic usage in livestock treatment, antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances in raw milk in Bangladesh are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the types and usages of antibiotics in cattle, their potential microbial resistances in raw milk samples. To do so, a total of 54 raw milk samples were evaluated and the bacterial isolates were identified and measured for resistance to 4 antibiotics most commonly used during bacterial infection Bangladesh. Amongst all 54 (100%) isolates were positive to S. aureus and 36 (66.67%) isolates were positive to E coli. Determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates showed that all isolates of S. aureus were resistant to cefoxitin (81.48%), ampicillin (64.81%), ciprofloxacin (51.85%), and gentamycin (70.37%). E. coli showed resistance to cefoxitin (69.44%), ampicillin (83.33%), ciprofloxacin (77.78%), and gentamycin (86.11%). However multidrug resistance pattern was also found. The obtained results provide evidence that antimicrobial resistant strains of the above pathogens have become remarkably widespread in raw milk. This requires better management for antibiotic usages among livestock farmers to control sources of food contamination and reduce the health risks associated with the development of resistant microbial strainsAsian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2016, 2(3): 396-401
Highlights
Antibiotics, the microbiologically produced composites, are used in humans to treat or prevent certain diseases initiated by infectious agents
Out of them 54 samples were found positive for S. aureus and 36 samples were found positive for E. coli which were identified phenotypically based on colony characteristics (Table 1) and biochemical properties (Table 2).The experimental result of raw milk (100%) samples revealed that all the samples were contaminated with
Several studies have indicated the assortment of pathogenic bacteria especially staphylococcus spp. may rise in raw milk and cheese samples may responsible for the nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea like diseases (Balaban and Rasooly 2000; Omori et al, 2001; Aly and Galal, 2002; Robinson, 2002; Soomro et al, 2002; Lues et al, 2003; Soomro et al, 2003; Chye et al, 2004; Marjan et al, 2014)
Summary
Antibiotics, the microbiologically produced composites, are used in humans to treat or prevent certain diseases initiated by infectious agents. The major antibiotics used for humans either belong to the same general classes or have the identical mode of action as those used for animals ( Joshi, 2002). It is worth mentioning that the precise amounts of antibiotics used by farmers in livestock production in Bangladesh are not acknowledged since they are not planned. These antibiotics are generally used to treat respiratory, urinary tract, gastrointestinal, and abdominal infections, including Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, , Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and Gram-positive (methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacterial(Dutta et al, 2013). According to Prescott and Baggot (1993), microbial resistance to
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