Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the contamination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in samples (n=66) of raw milk, from three distinctive animal species (cow, n = 30; goat, n = 20; sheep, n = 16) at Yobe State University farm Damaturu in 2018. The analytical strategy utilized was high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Immunoaffinity columns were used to achieve clean–up step during HPLC and fluorometric determination. The outcomes demonstrated that 36 (54.54%) samples out of the 66 samples are debased with AFM1. The sullying rates of AFM1 in dairy animals, goat milk and sheep milk were 80.0%, 25.0% and 46.75% respectively. The mean concentration for the cow, goat and sheep milk was 0.1333µg/l, 0.0462µg/l and 0.0519µg/l respectively. The general mean convergence of AFM1 levels for positive samples from the three distinctive species was 0.0727 µg/l and there was no huge contrast (p = 0.3624) in fixation levels between the three species. The estimated intake (EDI) of AFM1 from consumption of cow milk products by teachers and the students was 0.00158g/kg b.w/day based on one-day recall methods, while hazard index was recorded to be 1.58 x10-4. The high levels of AFM1 concentration recorded in this study is an indication of contamination by the fungus during storage of feeds, this may have negative effects on the human and animal’s health since it’s proven to be carcinogenic, causes growth impairment and immune suppression. Measures should be enforced on the storage of feeds which will consequently decrease the odds of aflatoxin in milk of
Highlights
Mycotoxin signifies “poison from fungi”, not all harmful compounds produced by the fungus is viewed as mycotoxins (Hussain, 2009)
Table 4 shows the occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in the milk samples collected (30 cow milk, 20 goat milk, and 16 sheep milk respectively, 36 (54.54%) of the 66 samples were found to be contaminated with AFM1
There is no significant difference in AFM1 means concentration found between the cow milk, goats milk and sheep milk samples (p = 0.3624), most of cow milk samples had concentration higher than the limit imposed by EC Reg. 1881/2006
Summary
Mycotoxin signifies “poison from fungi”, not all harmful compounds produced by the fungus is viewed as mycotoxins (Hussain, 2009). Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites, basically produced by filamentous fungi, for example, Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius that possess a genuine risk for humans and animals (JECFA, 2001). In domestic animals such as cows, ingested AFB1, usually metabolize into a harmful carcinogenic substance which is released through the milk (Bellio et al, 2016). These molds affect a wide scope of horticultural items, such as maize, millets and groundnuts, both in the pre-harvest and postharvest seasons (Sarimehmetoglu et al, 2004). Climate changes and poor agribusiness practices may affect the expansion levels of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in dairy products as well as AB1 in food products (Mulunda et al, 2013)
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