Determination of acephate and its degradation product methamidophos in soil and water by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and GC-MS

Abstract

Acephate and its metabolite, methamidophos, are both highly polar organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and are therefore highly soluble in water, which leads to difficulties when traditional methods of extraction, such as LLE (liquid–liquid extraction), are used. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a relatively new, highly versatile method, which has proven successful in many cases that were considered problematic in the past. In this study, several adsorbents (polymeric and silica based) and parameters are considered and modified to obtain maximum recovery. Maximum recoveries for acephate and methamidophos were found to be 90–95% and 85–90% respectively with Oasis HLB cartridges and methylene chloride as the elution solvent. In order to establish applicability and reliability, the matrix effect of several real water and solid (compost and soil) samples was evaluated. A 20–30% diminution of recovery is noted for some samples with a complex matrix containing a high amount of dissolved organic matter.