Determination, Manufacturing and application of a nanoparticle lead ion-selective electrode as a sensor in flow injection systems

Abstract

This study involves the construction of ion-selective electrodes for the determination of lead (II) ions and their utilization as sensors in a flow-injection analysis (FIA) system. The electrode was constructed using a simple environmentally friendly method from a green tea extract, and a Lead acetate solution of the cited ions as a cylindrical disc. A vertical, side-to-side cylinder, the whole is created in its centre and another lateral hole is created for the electrical attachment of the electrode, so the prepared electrode is suitable for use with the FIA system. The electrode was studied surface properties and characteristics of this electrode were analysed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTR). via selection of the optimum conditions (i.e. linear calibration range, lowest Nernstian response, lowest detection limit, degree of dilution, and precision and accuracy of their analytical uses). Electrode which gave the best Nernstian response1.00×10-1 to 1.00×10-10 M, a correlation coefficient of 0.9980, with lower Nernstian response of 1×10-10 M and detection limit of 1×10-11 M. The sampling rate was 120 samples per hour the calculated time of the contact of the sample with the electrode surface is 6 seconds and the degree of dilution is 2.37625.