Abstract
BackgroundDyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults.MethodsOverweight and obese adults (n = 35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 g fat. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response.ResultsTG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57 % of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β = 0.53, p = 0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.31, p = 0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β = 0.30, p = 0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β = 0.05, p = 0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.23, p = 0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β = 0.53, p = 0.01).ConclusionsPostprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839, Registered 16 October 2019 – Retrospectively registered.
Highlights
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for chronic disease [1] with increased adiposity, especially central obesity, present early in the impaired metabolic cascade
We investigated the postprandial lipemic response to a single high-fat meal in healthy, nondiabetic overweight and obese adults and assessed several factors known to influence the postprandial TG response [20]
Participants were obese according to Body mass index (BMI) and had slightly elevated fasting triglycerides but were otherwise within normal ranges for other metabolic syndrome criteria (Table 1), according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition [36]
Summary
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for chronic disease [1] with increased adiposity, especially central obesity, present early in the impaired metabolic cascade. As individuals spend the majority of waking hours in a postprandial state, fasting lipid profiles are not reflective of the dynamic nature of lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests that the postprandial concentration is more predictive of cardiovascular events and disease risk than fasting levels [9,10,11,12]. The contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults
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