Abstract
BackgroundThree independent trials were conducted to evaluate postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses in subjects with different lipid metabolism. The effect of polydextrose (PDX), a soluble non-digestible carbohydrate, on postprandial response was also studied using practically relevant, high fat meal interventions.MethodsA total of 19 normolipidemic (average BMI 24.1 kg/m2), 21 overweight/hyperlipidemic (average BMI 29.6 kg/m2) and 18 obese/non-diabetic subjects (average BMI 33.6 kg/m2) were included in the study. On two separate occasions all subjects ate two high-fat meals (4293 kJ, 36% from fat), one with PDX (either 12.5 g or 15 g) and one without PDX during placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover and randomized trials. To obtain the triglyceride measurements venous blood samples were taken before the consumption of the test meal and five times afterwards, up to 6 h post-test meal. The triglyceride responses were modeled using a mixed-effects linear model.ResultsThe key variables that explain the variation of the postprandial triglyceride response in the different subject groups were: baseline triglyceride concentration, time point, and PDX vs. placebo treatment (p < 0.05). The maximum postprandial TG concentration was more pronounced in hyperlipidemic group compared to normolipidemic (p < 0.001) or obese groups (p < 0.01). The modeled TG response analysis showed that irrespective of the study population PDX supplementation was one of the factors significantly reducing triglyceride response compared to the placebo treatment (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSubjects with elevated fasting triglyceride levels display exaggerated and prolonged postprandial triglyceride responses. PDX, a soluble non-digestible carbohydrate, may offer a dietary concept for reducing the postprandial triglyceride response after the consumption of a meal containing a high concentration of fat.
Highlights
Three independent trials were conducted to evaluate postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses in subjects with different lipid metabolism
A definition of postprandial lipidemia (PPL) is yet to be widely agreed and adopted, Postprandial lipaemia (PPL) is generally accepted as a syndrome characterized by non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia associated with an increased risk of vascular events [1,2]
Results for the normolipidemic group demonstrated that plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol and Low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations were significantly lower and High density lipoprotein (HDL) higher compared to the obese and the hyperlipidemic groups
Summary
Three independent trials were conducted to evaluate postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses in subjects with different lipid metabolism. A definition of postprandial lipidemia (PPL) is yet to be widely agreed and adopted, PPL is generally accepted as a syndrome characterized by non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia associated with an increased risk of vascular events [1,2]. Impaired postprandial triglyceride clearance is typically associated with the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue [9,10], increased waist circumference [11], obesity [5,12], metabolic syndrome [13], type 2 diabetes [14] as well as elevated levels of triglyceride during the fasting state [9,15]. Females demonstrate a less intense postprandial lipid response than men due to their increased clearance capacity enabling them to remove triglycerides from their circulatory system more quickly. Increased physical exercise such as running or cycling, or even walking, can significantly reduce fasting triglyceride levels and the postprandial triglyceride response [22]
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