Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of contamination of Iraqi bank notes with pathogenic bacteria and other microorganisms. Paper currency and coins can be considered as active sources of some human pathogens were possibility combined with the contaminated food and could lead to spread of microbial infection. In this study some pathogenic bacteria and fungi were isolated from the sample of currencies (250, 1000 IQD and Coins). Over all (40) samples were collected randomly. All samples were tested for bacteria and fungi detections, the percentage of isolated bacteria and fungi depended on the percentage of growth in 1000 IQD. The percent of isolated bacteria <em>E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>fungi Staphylococcus</em>. <em>epidermidis</em>, <em>Klebsiella</em>. <em>oxytoca</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em>. spp were found (33.30%, 26.60, 26.60, 13.30, 13.30, 13,30) respectively. The percent of fungi and bacteria isolated from 250 IQD for <em>Staphylococcus</em>. <em>aureus Pseudomonas</em>. <em>spp</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus</em>. <em>Epidermidis</em> and fungi were found (33.30, 33.30, 26.40, 26.40, 13.30%) respectively. The percent of isolated bacteria and fungi that were growth on coins were different from the paper notes (1000 and 250 IQD). Ten percent of these samples were no bacteria or fungi growth isolated, while growth for <em>E. coli</em> isolated were (20%), for <em>Proteus spp</em> (20%), <em>Klebsiella</em>. <em>Oxytoca</em> (20%), no growth (10%), <em>Pseudomonas</em>. spp, (10%) and fungi (5%). For all isolated bacteria ten antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed including (<em>Amikacin</em> AK <em>Ampicillin</em> Amp, <em>Ampicillin</em> Amx <em>Cephalosporin</em> Cef, <em>Ciprofloxacin</em> Cip, <em>Gentamycin</em> Gm., <em>Rifampicin</em> Rif, <em>Nalidixic Acid</em> (NA), <em>Tetracycline</em> Tet and <em>Trimethoprim</em> Tri), In this study multiple antibiotic resistance were seen.
Highlights
In ancient times, people didn't need money, they got everything they needed through bartering
MacConkey agar, blood agar, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) all isolated were diagnosis depending Culture, Morphological and biochemical analysis according to Andrews and Hammack (2000) API20E system was performed for analytic bacteria
Total (40) samples were collect from different part which transported money and some of the samples from the present money all samples were tested for isolating microbial according to Positive samples Bacteria and Fungi
Summary
People didn't need money, they got everything they needed through bartering. You trade something you don't need for something you do need. Commodities are things that everyone values enough to trade for and accept as payment. Commodity money varied from place to place, depending on what the local people valued. Many forms of commodity money were difficult to carry and could lose their value. In due course, these were replaced by coins (pieces of metal) made of gold, silver, bronze and copper and much later paper money was developed the first time in China (Investopedia 2010) and These were replaced by coins (pieces of metal) made of gold, silver, bronze and copper and much later paper money was developed the first time in China (Investopedia 2010) and (National Banking Eras Philadelphia fed. org)
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