Abstract
The microbiological quality of coastal or river waters can be affected by faecal pollution from human or animal sources. Contamination of fresh produce with pathogenic bacteria can be attributed directly or indirectly through the raw wastewater (domestic, industrial effluents, human and animal excrement). This includes water sources that are routinely used for crop irrigation and produce washing. An efficient MST (Microbial Source Tracking) toolbox consisting of several host-specific markers would therefore be valuable for identifying the origin of the faecal pollution in the environment and thus for effective resource management and remediation
Highlights
Contamination of waterways with feacal material leads to the dissemination of pathogens, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and excess nutrients that have serious impacts on human and environmental health [1,2,3,4]
The HF-183 marker was identified in 18 of water samples collected in the Quan Nha village (25.0%) and in 32 of water samples collected in Thuong Village (44%), respectively
It was found that all-Bacteroides marker (AllBac) and Pig-2-Bac markers were significantly higher in Thuong than in Quan Nha (97.6% vs 78.8%, p=0.018 and 28.6% vs 6.1%, p=0.0025)
Summary
Contamination of waterways with feacal material leads to the dissemination of pathogens, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and excess nutrients that have serious impacts on human and environmental health [1,2,3,4]. Reduction of aquatic faecal loads and increased protection of human and environmental health depend on distinguishing which of the many possible contaminating sources impact a particular body of water and products grown in contaminated water [6]. Untreated water can contaminate crops through irrigation activities. These may bring unhealthy and unsafe food to consumers. Increased public awareness of the health-related and economic impact of water contamination and illness has resulted in greater efforts to apply more sensitive methods of pathogen detection and identification. Real-time PCR has become a valuable tool in investigating Microbial Source Tracking (MST) related the faecal bacteria population, have little potential for growth in the environment, and have a high degree of host specificity that likely reflects differences in host animal digestive systems
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