Abstract
Forty-eight wing vein blood samples were collected from different locations of poultry rearing farms and back yard chickens of Nineveh governorate from the of local and exotic chicken. The chicken divided into twelve groups four birds each according to colors and phenotype for the local and exotic chicken respectively. Blood DNA was extracted and amplified by thermocycler apparatus and the electrophoresis was done using 1.2% agarose gel for DNA bands exhibiting. The results showed high genetic similarity within the local chickens ranged between 0.78- 0.96 at an average of 0.88, while it ranged between 0.73- 0.86 at an average of 0.78 in exotic breeds. The degree of similarity between Iraqi and exotic breeds was 0.74-0.88 at average of 0.80. The calculated average of differences among each of Iraqi and exotic chickens and in between were 0.12, 0.22 and 0.20, respectively. However, the genetic distance within the local chicken, exotic breed and in between them was 0.128, 0.24 and 0.21 respectively. The study concluded that the genetic similarity was higher within local chicken groups than those of exotic breeds.
Highlights
Over the last twenty-five years, molecular markers have been utilized to distinguish the different species of chicken
Iraqi chickens are characterized by a wide range of external phenotypes [13], low productivity of eggs and meat and other related quantitative traits [10], such characters may be due to their descendants from the same ancestors which were the red jungle fowl [14]
randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is an effective, simple and cheap tool for the determination of genetic diversity [15], which was demonstrated through the gained results that assured the limited differences among the local chicken groups
Summary
Over the last twenty-five years, molecular markers have been utilized to distinguish the different species of chicken. Molecular genetics has enabled opportunities to develop animal breeding programs by direct selection of genomic regions that serve economic traits [2]. Finding out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) had a great effect on the research eukaryotic genome and shared in the development and enforcement of various DNA markers [3]. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was described first by [4,5], is a rapid and effective procedure that can be used to produce genotype specific banding patterns. Polymorphism of RAPD fragments is detected as a band’s presence or absence and may result from deletion, insertion or differences in the nucleotide sequences in or between priming regions [6]
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