Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in the republic of Tajikistan

Abstract

Objective: To study the dynamics and main reasons for the significant detection of pulmonary tuberculosis with a negative sputum test result in the Republic of Tajikistan over the past 5 years. Material and methods: An analysis of the estimated data of the WHO, as well as official statistics on TB incidence using the National TB Data Registry for 2019-2023, was carried out. Definitions of clinically established cases of pulmonary TB are noted. Information is presented on the introduction of the express PCR method of bacteriological verification of TB diagnosis in all regions of the country. Results: Over the past 5 years (2019-2023), WHO estimates on TB incidence in the Republic of Tajikistan have significantly decreased, indicating improved accessibility of the population to specialized anti-TB services. At the same time, during the COVID period (2019-2020), the prognosis was more unfavorable due to deteriorating accessibility to medical and social services than in the post-COVID period (2021-2023). At the same time, official statistics on the detection of new TB cases indicate the opposite dynamics: during the COVID period, the number of TB patients sharply decreased from 5976 to 4299 cases that is, by 1677 cases (more than 28%) and began to gradually increase in subsequent years, but has not yet reached the pre-COVID level. At the same time, in proportion to the indicated data, the number of clinically established cases of pulmonary TB decreased during the COVID period from 1422 to 720 cases (2019-2021), that is, almost twofold, and in the following years (2022-2023) began to gradually increase, still not reaching the pre-COVID period. Conclusion: Thus, despite the active introduction of new innovative methods for verifying the diagnosis of TB and improving the population's access to diagnostic services, including molecular genetic methods for rapid diagnostics of both sensitive and drug-resistant forms of TB, the proportion of clinically established cases of pulmonary TB remains high (34% of all pulmonary forms of TB) and tends to increase.