Abstract
In this paper, a new method of annular platform-supported headspace liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) was designed using ionic liquid as an extraction solvent, wherein extraction stability and efficiency were improved by adding an annular platform inside the extraction bottle. The ionic liquid 1-silicyl-3-benzylimidazolehexafluorophosphate was first synthesized and proved to be an excellent extraction solvent. Coupled with liquid chromatography, the proposed method was employed to analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and optimized in aspects of extraction temperature, extraction solvent volume, extraction time, pH, stirring rate, and salt effect of solution. The results indicated that this method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.995) within 0.5 µg·L−1 to 1000 µg·L−1 for PAHs. The method was more suitable for extraction of volatile PAHs, with recoveries from 65.0% to 102% and quantification limits from 0.01 to 0.05 µg·L−1. It has been successfully applied for detection of PAHs in seawater samples.
Highlights
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been included in the environmental control legislation by many agencies, such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [1] and the European Union. e maximum admissible concentration of naphthalene (1200 ng·L−1), anthracene (100 ng·L−1), fluoranthene (100 ng·L−1), and benzo[a]pyrene (100 ng·L−1) for superficial water was restricted by the European Union [2, 3]
ionic liquids (ILs) have played crucial roles in the aspect. 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolehexafluorophosphate ([C8MIM]PF6) was first used as an single-drop microextraction (SDME) solvent coupled with liquid chromatography to extract PAHs and aniline compounds in water samples [12]
The sealing bottle cap was loosened, the microsyringe was directly used to absorb IL on the annular platform, the solution was diluted to 100 μL using acetonitrile, and 10 μL of the solution was absorbed through the automatic sampler for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis
Summary
Xiaojie Sun ,1 Jie Tan ,1,2 Haiyan Ding ,1 Xiaojie Tan ,3 Jun Xing ,4 Lihong Xing, Yuxiu Zhai, and Zhaoxin Li 1. E results indicated that this method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.995) within 0.5 μg·L−1 to 1000 μg·L−1 for PAHs. e method was more suitable for extraction of volatile PAHs, with recoveries from 65.0% to 102% and quantification limits from 0.01 to 0.05 μg·L−1. The proposed method was employed to analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and optimized in aspects of extraction temperature, extraction solvent volume, extraction time, pH, stirring rate, and salt effect of solution. It has been successfully applied for detection of PAHs in seawater samples
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