Abstract
Simple SummaryThis pilot study reported the observation that great omentum could be analyzed to detect persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Diffuse gastric cancer is an increasing disease that could be associated with pollutants’ exposition. Here, we report a specific POP profile regarding a patient not affected by cancer, nor by diffuse gastric cancer or other abdominal cancers. The widespread presence of a substantial list of POPs (PCDDs/Fs, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants) was found in the omentum from patients with diffuse gastric cancer with minor presence of some organochlorine pesticides.The greater omentum represents a specific adipose tissue resected with gastric surgery for cancer. Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (diffuse-GC) is of major relevance among gastric cancers due to its unknown origin, aggressiveness, and metastasis in the peritoneal cavity. We postulated that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) could be detected in the greater omentum. Great omentum from patients with (i) diffuse-GC, or (ii) with other peritoneal metastatic cancer, and (iii) control group without cancer disease were analyzed for the distribution of a large panel of 96 POPs. POPs include polychlorinated dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), hexabromocyclododecanes, organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The widespread presence of a substantial list of POPs (PCDDs/Fs, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants) was found in the omentum from patients with aggressive diffuse-GC, with minor presence of some organochlorine pesticides and PAHs at the low analyzed levels. Some chemicals appeared in larger concentrations in diffuse-GC or other cancer groups, including some PCDDs, PCB105, 123, 138, PBDE209, and PBB153. Overall, the present pilot study provides novel information regarding POPs levels in the omental fat, which is an understudied fat depot in terms of POPs load, and diffuse-GC association.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health problem, the fourth among the most common cancers worldwide and the third in mortality rates [1,2]
Thirty-two patients were enrolled from 2013 to 2015 in the Department of Digestive and Oncology Surgery at Lariboisière Hospital, Paris (France), including 14 patients with an independent cell adenocarcinoma, 10 patients with other cancers that had metastasized in the peritoneal cavity, and 8 patients operated for non-cancer disease, as wound abdominal surgery
The clinical characteristics of case and control individuals in terms of age and body mass index (BMI), major factors determining the internal content of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were similar among groups (Table 1)
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major health problem, the fourth among the most common cancers worldwide and the third in mortality rates [1,2]. The different sub-types include intestinal-, diffuse-, and mixed types according to the Lauren classification [3]. Unlike the decreasing incidence of the intestinal-type GC, the prevalence of the diffuse-type is increasing worldwide, especially in the USA and Europe [4]. Diffuse-type GC is a poorly differentiated, infiltrating, and scattered type cancer, and it is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage [5]. The implication of multiple signaling pathways has been identified in diffuse-GC [6]. Due to its aggressive behavior, diffuse-GC leads to a poor prognosis and treatment approaches are limited [7,8,9]. Identification of risk factors and clinically useful biomarkers remains an important goal in the management of early and late stages of diffuse-GC
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