Detection of Ochratoxigenic Potential in some Aspergillus and Penicillium Isolates from Vineyard Soil, Fresh and Dried Grapes by ELISA

Asia Saadullah,Samir Abdullah

doi:10.33899/rjs.2018.159364

Abstract

Several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium were isolated and identified from samples of vineyard soil, fresh grape berries and dried vine fruits collected from grapevine nursery and shops in Duhok province. The ochratoxigenic potential of some of their strains was evaluated by ELISA technique. Ochratoxin A (OA) was detected in cultures of two species of section Nigri (A.carbonarius and A.niger aggreg.), two species of Aspergillus section Circumdati (A.ochraceus and A.westerdijkia) and one species of OA was found at levels from 0.64 to 0.72 ng ml in A.carbonarius isolates, from 0.64 to 0.66 ng ml in A.niger aggreg. isolates, from 0.23 to 0.65 ng ml in A.ochraceus isolates and 0.40 ngml in A.westterdijkia isolate, whereas the level was from 0.61 to 0.64 ngml in Penicillium verrucosum.تم عزل وتشخیص العدید من الأنواع الفطریة العائدة للجنسین اسبرجلس و بنیسیلیوم من عینات ترب حقول الأعناب فضلا عن ثمار العنب الطریة و الجافة والتی جمعت من محافظه دهوک. تم الکشف عن قابلیه إنتاج هذه العزلات لإنتاج السم Aspergillus section Nigri تم الکشف عن إنتاج السم من قبل عزلتان من ELISA. الفطری اوکراتوکسین باستخدام تقنیه Aspergillus section Circumdati (A.ochraceus وعزلتان من (A.carbonarius A.niger aggreg.), .Penicillium (P.verrucosum و عزله من A.westerdijkiae A.niger 0.64 نانوغرام / ملغم وفى عزلات - ما بین 0.72 A.carbonarius تراوح مستوى إنتاج السم من قبل عزلات 0.23 و فی عزله - مابین 0.65 A.ochraceus 0.64 نانوغرام/ ملغرام وفى عزلات - مابین 0.66 aggreg. 0.61 نانوغرام/ ملغم فى عزلات - 0.40 نانوغرام/ ملغرام بینما تراوح الإنتاج مابین - 0.64 A.westerdijkiaie .Penicillium verrucosum

Highlights

‫الكشف عن قابليه إنتاج الاوك ارتوكسين في بعض م ازرع عزلات من الاسبرجلس والبنيسيليوم المعزولة من ترب‬ ‫حقول الأعناب ومن ثمار الأعناب الطرية والجافة‬
Grapevine (VitisviniferaL.) is a crop of major economic importance used for the production of table and wine grapes and is taken as a fresh berry, dried vine fruits or as juices
Black aspergilli are found on the surface of healthy grapes at all stages of maturation and are the main fungi responsible for post-harvest decay of fresh fruits (Snowdon, 1990 ; Saadullah and Abdullah, 2012) OchratoxinA (OA) was originally produced by species of Aspergillus section Circumdati (A.ochraceus) and by Penicillium (P.verrucosum and P.nordicum)

Summary

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Direct plating method as described by (Warcup, 1960). was adopted. About 1g of fine soil collected from grapevine nurserywas sprinkled on the surface of a solidified Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloromphenicol Agar medium (DRBC) (Fluka-Germany) in Petri dishes (13). For identification of species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, pure colonies were grown on four media according to (Klich, 2002; Samson et al, 2000). An four mm agar plug is cut out from the center of a colony grown on CYA (incubated for 5-9 d at 25oC.) and a round piece (1cm diam.) of the wetted filter paper (Whatman No.1) is placed on the mycelia side of the plug This method is used to classify some Aspergillus species in section Nigri by (Samson et al, 2007) 2. This was performed according to instructions provided by the manufacture (Veratox quantitative ochratoxin test, NeogenCorporation, USA).The concentration of OTA was calculated from the standard curve derived from the OTA standards and was expressed in ng\ml

RESULT

Findings

CONCLUSIONS