Detection of myenteric plexus neurons in dyslipidemic, smoking, and diabetic rats treated with carqueja

Paula Montanhini Favetta,Ricardo De Melo Germano,Edson Geronimo,Natalia Namie Mizuguchi,Gustavo Ratti Da Silva,Andreia Assunção Soares,Wesley Alves Trindade,Luciana Kazue Otutumi,Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero,Grazielli De Fátima Serenini,Flavio De Souza Júnyor

doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i9.8093

Paula Montanhini Favetta, Ricardo De Melo Germano + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.8093

Copy DOI

Abstract

The plant species Baccharis trimera presents antioxidants that may have neuroprotective effects on the neurons of the myenteric plexus. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate possible quantitative alterations in the myenteric plexus neurons and in the glycemic and lipid profile of 25 rats with 90 days old, exposed to smoking, a hypercholesterolemic diet, and with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin during four weeks, and then treated with different doses of carqueja extract for two weeks. The myenteric plexus neurons were stained with basic Giemsa and using the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry protocol. In the study conditions, there was a significant reduction in the number of total neurons between the groups treated with carqueja and the positive control, stained with the Giemsa. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the number of neurons of the inhibitory subpopulation between the groups treated with carqueja and the negative control, evidenced by the NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. At the 30mg/kg dose there was a reduction in the cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Based on the results, Baccharis trimera presented no neuroprotective or hypoglycemic effect, although the nitric subpopulation has proven more resistant to the deleterious effects of diabetes, smoking, and the hypercholesterolemic diet.

Highlights

IntroductionNeurons in the myenteric plexus have neurotransmitters responsible for TGI movement (Furness, 2006)
The oxidative stress in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been reported by several authors (Ksiazek & Wisniewska, 2001; Davison et al, 2002), in association with superoxide accumulation, increased polyol pathway activity, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and changes in the kinase protein activity leading to a progressive cell dysfunction in diabetes that may result in this weight loss (Feldman, Nave, Jensen & Bennett, 2003)
The administration of carqueja has not affected the maintenance of body weight in animals exposed to diabetes (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Neurons in the myenteric plexus have neurotransmitters responsible for TGI movement (Furness, 2006) These neurotransmitters can be excitatory, such as acetylcholine (ACh), which acts on the smooth musculature, as well as inhibitory, which promotes relaxation of gastrointestinal muscles such as nitric oxide (NO), the main non-adrenergic and noncholinergic neurotransmitter (NANC). DM is characterized by increased blood glucose, because of defects in the action of insulin (ADA, 2019; Silverio et al, 2009) or by peripheral cellular resistance to this hormone. This may lead to acute complications such as ketoacidosis, and systemic chronic diseases such as nephropathies, neuropathies, retinopathies, atherosclerosis, and other diseases (Asmat, Abad & Ismail, 2016)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion