Abstract
Soil-borne potato viruses are an increasing economic threat to crop yield in the future. Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) and their vector association in field infection in North-western region of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir were surveyed in this study. Incidence and distribution of these soil-borne viruses were estimated by field sample collection from Malakand and Hazara divisions of KPK and selected areas of Azad Kashmir. PMTV incidence was 22% in Malakand (highest of 40% in Swat II and Swat V), 24% in Hazara (highest 50% in Galliyat), and 23% from selected areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) (Highest with 40% in Rawalakot and Trarkhal). TRV incidence was 49% in AJK (100% highest field incidence in Khaigala Rawalakot), 53% in Malakand division (80% highest field incidence in Swat II), and 24% in Hazara division (70% highest field incidence in Abbottabad and Mansehra districts). PMTV, TRV vectors are Spongospora subterranea and Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus spp. were found distributed in all surveyed areas. Eighty percent (80%) fields were found infested with S. subterranean, while Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus were found in 64% in Malakand. In Hazara, 84% of surveyed fields were found infested with S. subterranea while 65% were found to be infested with Trichodorus, Paratrichodorus. In AJK S. subterranea was found distributed in 79% of fields. A significant relationship (P value=0.000) between viruses (PMTV and TRV) and their respective vectors were detected in proportionate. The corresponding R2 (0.70 and 0.82) indicates positive relation between viruses and their vectors. Positive Pearson correlation was found among incidence and severity of virus infection (PMTV and TRV) and vectors (S. subterranea; Trichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus), indicating increased disease severity with vector presence and activity. The study will be a tool in vector virus management to economical potato harvest
Highlights
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important crop that belongs to the family Solanaceae, genus Solanum
This study explains the incidence, distribution, and virus vector association of soil-borne viruses (PMTV and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)) from potato crop cultivated from various locations of the North-western region of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Assessment of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and TRV infection in potato tubers based on symptoms Potato tubers were assessed for the external symptoms of PMTV and TRV and cut into two halves, and data of internal symptoms were recorded by comparing scale 04 (Table 1) (Robinson and Harrison, 1989)
Summary
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important crop that belongs to the family Solanaceae, genus Solanum. Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) are transmitted by Spongospora subterranea and various species of soil-borne plant pathogenic nematode groups Trichodorus and Paratrichodorus. Spongospora subterranea incites powdery scab disease of potato, has been reported as PMTV vector (Jones and Harrison, 1969; Hims, 1975; Arif et al, 1995). Major soil-borne viruses and their association with vectors are still missing to be explained for potato crop. This study explains the incidence, distribution, and virus vector association of soil-borne viruses (PMTV and TRV) from potato crop cultivated from various locations of the North-western region of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir
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