Abstract
ABSTRACT Illegal building construction can be a problematic issue on densely populated metropolitan cities, especially because it leads to crooked civilization and unbalanced urban structure. The development plans define a maximum boundary for building coverage and floor ratios, but practically it is challenging to apply the plans to the real life in partly unplanned cities that are going under urban transformation, such as Istanbul. Rapidly changing settlements make it crucial to track property statuses carefully since there can be juristic consequences. In this study, we use airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) point cloud data, stereo KOMPSAT-3 images and development plans of Guzeltepe district, locating in Uskudar/Istanbul of Turkey to detect the structures built against the development plans. The plans were converted into aGeographical Information System (GIS) environment for the ease of analysis. Digital elevation models and digital surface models (DSMs) were created with both LIDAR and stereo KOMPSAT-3 data to obtain normalized DSMs for extracting the heights of the buildings. These heights extracted from our models were then compared with the planned boundaries. Also, the two different dataset’s accuracies were analyzed. Our research may have direct implications on automatically building 3D plans and eventually instrumental for identification of illegal buildings.
Highlights
A healthy urban planning and development is a crucial task for maintaining the organized metropolitan life, especially in geographically challenging and overcrowded cities, such as Istanbul
The City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) data provided the heights of the building eaves very precisely, and the normalized DSMs (nDSMs) generated by KOMPSAT images provided the average heights in the building Blocks
When two datasets are compared with the development plan, KOMPSAT model could not productively detect the problematic areas, its results demonstrated only 1% of the buildings were exceeded the boundary, while Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) CityGML data exposed that 16% of the buildings were against the plan (Figure 14)
Summary
A healthy urban planning and development is a crucial task for maintaining the organized metropolitan life, especially in geographically challenging and overcrowded cities, such as Istanbul. High demand for living in a good status, and mainly social, economic, and administrative reasons create crooked urban development and with the lack of planning regulations, all the factors lead to unplanned and unwanted illegal settlements (Ioannidis, Psaltis, & Potsiou, 2009). The right of ownership gives the title holder the authority to use the property within the legal restrictions as he wishes, because of that; it is very important for proprietary right to be protected by the laws (Reisoglu, 1969). In Turkey, in several cities there are regions that lack the technical infrastructures and reinforcements, and are economically and socially weak, have increasing number of crime rates. Since the 1980s, the urban transformation has been gaining currency in Turkey
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