Abstract
Finding new ways to eliminate malaria is critical and this would greatly be influenced by developing indicators of exposure as well as distribution of effective vaccines against Plasmodium. This study was aimed at detecting Immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies, to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) as a biomarker of immune status to Plasmodium species. In this study, blood samples were gotten from apparently healthy individuals and patients having symptoms of malaria attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa stain. The smears were observed microscopically. Parasite densities were estimated on positive slides. Samples positive and some negative for Plasmodium were further tested to detect IgG antibodies to GPI among both the Asymptomatic and Symptomatic participants using ELISA. The prevalence of Plasmodium infection among both asymptomatic and symptomatic participants in this study was 18.9% and the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 15.6%. There was a significant association between the level of parasitemia and concentration of IgG antibodies to GPI among the asymptomatic participants and a no significant association among symptomatic participants. Type of housing amongst other risk factors was the only factor significantly associated with malaria in this study. This study suggests PGPI as a biomarker of immunity to Plasmodium and may be a vaccine candidate for programs of malaria control.
Highlights
Malaria is caused by the parasitic protozoan eukaryotic Plasmodium parasites; Plasmodium Plasmodium
The objectives of the study were to, detect Plasmodium in blood samples of apparently healthy individuals and malaria patients using microscopy, determine the level of parasitemia in the microscopy positive individuals and to detect and quantify IgG antibodies to Plasmodium Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (PGPI) using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Page | 4181 Table 1 shows the number of participants who fall between low, intermediate and high level of parasitemia among both asymptomatic and symptomatic participants
Summary
Malaria is caused by the parasitic protozoan eukaryotic Plasmodium parasites; Plasmodium Plasmodium It remains one of the most falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale debilitating infectious diseases, globally and Plasmodium malariae that are transmitted by threatening nearly half of global population and the feeding of female Anopheles mosquitoes leading to an estimated 400000 deaths yearly, (Philips et al, 2017). It is Malaria is a disease of poverty amongst other risk caused in humans by four species of single-cell, factors and has a major negative impact on Corresponding Author: Sani, A.
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