Detection of changes of the soil use and vegetation in the low San Francisco

Douglas Alberto De Oliveira Silva,Jhon Lennon Bezerra Da Silva,Geber Barbosa De Albuquerque Moura,Landson Carlos Da Silva,Frederico Abraão Costa Lins,Pabrício Marcos Oliveira Lopes

doi:10.29150/jhrs.v9.5.p310-319

Abstract

The quantification and spatialization of environmental degradation is an essential element in the planning of agricultural activities and in the management of the water and natural resources in the semiarid. Thus, the detection of changing land use conditions is necessary for understand with more accurately the dynamics of the different types of soil coverage. Remote sensing techniques make it possible to evaluate this type of environmental monitoring in a practical and efficient manner, and low operating cost in a short time. The objective of this study was to monitor and evaluate the environmental changes caused about the Caatinga vegetation coverage by remote sensing using satellite images in the municipality of Petrolina, semiarid region of Pernambuco state. The study was developed using two Landsat-8 satellite images, processed using SEBAL algorithm steps, in the development of thematic maps of the surface biophysical parameters. The maps expressed the spatial distribution of the albedo parameters and surface temperature, and of the NDVI and SAVI vegetation indices, which served for highlight the dynamics of environmental changes in the Caatinga natural environment of semiarid region. The results showed increased of the albedo and surface temperature when there was a decrease in vegetation indices. This behavior was mainly favored by the region's dry season, which coincides with the satellite's days of passage. The biophysical parameters are effective in the spatial monitoring of semiarid regions, highlighting the spatial variability of the soil uses, identifying possibly degraded areas. Remote sensing environmental monitoring is a viable alternative for mitigate environmental changes caused by anthropogenic actions and drought events.

Highlights

The environmental changes in the Northeast region of the Brazil are connected to several factors, mainly to the anthropic activities practiced in a marked way in these regions due to the environmental impacts as, deforestation, burning, inadequate management of irrigated agriculture and intensive farming practices
Mainly targeting the lack of study in this regard in the semiarid, this study aimed to monitor and evaluate the standards of environmental changes caused about the vegetation of Caatinga and other land uses through remote sensing techniques, with the use of Landsat-8 satellite images in a semiarid region in the low São Francisco, in the municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco
It is noteworthy that the river banks, due to the high values, can be in degradation process and/or already with degraded areas, since this parameter is an important indicator of areas in this sense, identifying the existence of environmental changes (Silva et al, 2005; Silva et al, 2016; Silva et al, 2019)

Summary

Introduction

The environmental changes in the Northeast region of the Brazil are connected to several factors, mainly to the anthropic activities practiced in a marked way in these regions due to the environmental impacts as, deforestation, burning, inadequate management of irrigated agriculture and intensive farming practices. Obtaining surface degradation data has an important role in agriculture. This is a basic variable in studies related to the detection of changes in large areas. Regional scale surface monitoring can be performed using remote sensing techniques, which allow to analyze of the relationship between spatial patterns of vegetation and changes in radiation balance and of the surface energy fluxes (Fausto et al, 2014). With the application of algorithms, such as the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), it is possible the estimate soil surface changes from biophysical indices, highlighting vegetation index, albedo, temperature and surface radiation balance (Bastiaanssen et al, 1998a, Bastiaanssen et al, 1998b; Bastiaanssen, 2000; al., 2002; Bastiaanssen, 2005)

Objectives

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Results

Conclusion