Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium are the leading causes of bacterial food contamination in chicken carcasses. Contamination is particularly associated with the slaughtering process. The present study isolated C. jejuni and S. typhimurim from fifty chicken carcass samples, all of which were acquired from different companies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The identification of C. jejuni was performed phenotypically by using a hippurate test and genetically using a polymerase chain reaction with primers for 16S rRNA and hippurate hydrolase (hipO gene). For the dentification of S. typhimurim, a serological Widal test was carried out using serum anti-S. typhimurium antibodies. Strains were genetically detected using invA gene primers. The positive isolates for C. jejuni showed a specific molecular size of 1448 bp for 16S rRNA and 1148 bp for hipO genes. However, the positive isolates of the invA gene exhibited a specific molecular size at 244 bp using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Comparing sequencing was performed with respect to the invA gene and the BLAST nucleotide isolates that were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain ST45, thereby producing a similarity of 100%. The testing identified C. jejuni for hippuricase, GenBank: Z36940.1. While many isolates of Salmonella spp. that contained the invA gene were not necessarily identified as S. typhimurim, the limiting factor for the Widal test used antiS. typhimurum antibodies. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of C. jejuni isolates in chickens was compared with the standard C. jejuni strain ATCC 22931. Similarly, S. typhimurium isolates were compared with the standard S. typhimurium strain ATCC 14028.
Highlights
Campylobacter is a gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of bacteria that is responsible for multiple gastroenteric conditions in humans [1,2,3]
Our study is in agreement with Nakamura et al (2002) [92], who reported that the total protein profiles of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 and S. enteritidis 13076 showed major similarity in the pattern of bands on SDS-PAGE
Chicken carcasses are the main disseminators of C. jejuni and S. typhimurium
Summary
Campylobacter is a gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of bacteria that is responsible for multiple gastroenteric conditions in humans [1,2,3]. According to the European Food Safety Authority [4], the most common type of foodborne gastroenteritis is caused by Campylobacter jejuni [5]. Another common bacterial infection that manifests with severity comparable to gastroenteritis is campylobacteriosis, which is an infection caused by the Campylobacter bacterium, most commonly C. jejuni. While this disease is seldom life-threatening in adults, complications can arise in young people and children, even when they are healthy.
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