Abstract
A molecular research was carried out in the areas of Lahore in order to confirm the existence of B. abortus antigen in Caprine and ovine by utilizing molecular techniques in this study. Small ruminants can be infected with B. abortus (the causative agent of bovine brucellosis), which complicates brucellosis control efforts because most brucellosis control programmes rely on immunological testing rather than genomic testing to determine the specific species circulating in ruminants. Now at this investigation, n = 1270 goat serum samples and n = 770 sheep serum samples were collected, respectively. After already being tested with the Rose Bengal test, all positive specimens were examined to the real-time PCR technique. RBT confirmed brucellosis prevalence of 21.43±0.37% and 18.11±0.12 in caprine and ovine respectively. Out of 230 positive goat samples, real-time PCR found B. abortus in 150 samples (65.21±0.51) in sheep and goats and 118 samples (71.51±0.21%) out of 165 seropositive sheep samples. Brucella abortus infection in small ruminants could be caused by a combination of factors including mixed farming of small and large ruminants, sharing of the same pasture, and the presence of reservoir hosts on a farm, all of which could be risk factors for Brucella species cross-infection in non-species hosts. It has been determined that B. abortus is the causative agent of caprine and ovine brucellosis in the country of Pakistan. Results of this study can be utilised to develop successful brucellosis eradication and control strategies in small ruminants, which can be applied to other animals.
Highlights
Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic disease that affects both humans and livestock [23]
The PCR product size of B. abortus was found to be 156bp after quantitative PCR, confirming that B. abortus was present in 150 samples (65.21±0.51%) out of 230 seropositive samples in goats and 118 samples (71.51±0.21%) out of 165 seropositive samples in sheep (Table 1)
In a previous investigation in Pakistan, all seropositive blood samples from small ruminants were found to be positive for B. abortus by real-time PCR, but no B. melitensis was found
Summary
Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic disease that affects both humans and livestock [23]. Mix farming and housing of small and large ruminants in tropical settings with no strict biosafety procedures may result in cross transmission of Brucella species to their non-preferred host, complicating brucellosis management strategies [24]. Due to mixed farming, sharing of the same pasture by small and large ruminants, mixed livestock shelters, the presence of reservoir hosts in a farm, and uncontrolled animal movements, Brucella species may cross infect their non-preferred hosts [25]. The Brucella's eco-plasticity and polypathogenicity allow it to breach the species barrier [26] This type of transmission is known as inter-species transmission, and it is the primary barrier to brucellosis control and eradication [3]. The detection of Brucella species in small and large ruminants, reservoir hosts, fomites, and wild life species is critical for effective control and eradication methods to be implemented [13]. The goal of this work was to determine brucellosis seroprevalence in small ruminants and to use a real-time PCR test to detect B. abortus in sheep and goats
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