Abstract
Accurate detection of the unknown radio transmitter (URT) is crucial to combat illegal occupation of radio signal resources and protect communication system from harmful signal interference. The fingerprint positioning technique based on received signal strength (RSS) is famous for requiring no extra equipment, antenna arrays, and time synchronization. However, conventional RSS-based fingerprint positioning techniques that utilize K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method are confronted with problems when the positioning target is radio transmitter with unknown emission strength and frequency. Moreover, they not only cannot realize the precise localization of the URT but also only rely on pre-set reference points in the fingerprint database. In this paper, a new KNN-based geo-location approach using received signal strength difference (RSSD) information and virtual reference point is proposed to estimate an URT location. To obtain more accurate RSSD measurements, a RSSD-based filtering method by calculating the Euclidean distance between each sampling RSSD and the average value is devised to establish the fingerprint database. To achieve higher positioning accuracy, we combine KNN technique with the virtual reference (VR) point to propose RSSD-VRKNN algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can obtain the best positioning performance compared with the conventional KNN and weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) techniques. The performance and feasibility of our proposed algorithm are verified through extensive experiments.
Highlights
Position location (PL) service has received great attention recently with the development of science and technology, and PL service has been applied in many important fields and occasions such as location, disaster relief, security, navigation, and tracking [1]
5.1 Experimental environment and conditions In order to further verify the reasonability of the proposed algorithm, fingerprint database was established and some test positioning targets were selected in the actual environment
6 Conclusions To achieve the detection of an unknown radio transmitter and improve the accuracy, this paper has proposed a received signal strength difference (RSSD)-VRKNN algorithm that combines the RSSD parameter and virtual reference point
Summary
Position location (PL) service has received great attention recently with the development of science and technology, and PL service has been applied in many important fields and occasions such as location, disaster relief, security, navigation, and tracking [1]. Due to the unknown information parameters such as emission strength and frequency of the radio transmitter, the RSS-based database constructed by a specific radio transmitter is not suitable for different URTs. Since the test devices are usually different from the training devices, Hossain et al [26] proposed a robust fingerprint method with received signal strength difference (RSSD) to eliminate the impact from hardware diversity. During the off-line phase, we first need to establish a RSSD-based fingerprint database with two RSS vectors from different APs. During the on-line phase, we apply KNN algorithm to obtain the virtual reference point and compare the virtual reference point with the reference points in the original database to find the new K reference points employed for the location estimation.
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