Abstract
Pine wilt disease causes huge economic losses to pine wood forestry because of its destructiveness and rapid spread. This paper proposes a detection and location method of pine wood nematode disease at a large scale adopting UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) remote sensing and artificial intelligence technology. The UAV remote sensing images were enhanced by computer vision tools. A Faster-RCNN (Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks) deep learning framework based on a RPN (Region Proposal Network) network and the ResNet residual neural network were used to train the pine wilt diseased dead tree detection model. The loss function and the anchors in the RPN of the convolutional neural network were optimized. Finally, the location of pine wood nematode dead tree was conducted, which generated the geographic information on the detection results. The results show that ResNet101 performed better than VGG16 (Visual Geometry Group 16) convolutional neural network. The detection accuracy was improved and reached to about 90% after a series of optimizations to the network, meaning that the optimization methods proposed in this paper are feasible to pine wood nematode dead tree detection.
Highlights
Pine trees are currently the largest planted species in China
The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) remote sensing image was collected by a 20 million pixel sensefly SODA visible light camera with GPS module, mounted on an eBee UAV
The mAP of the model increased from 66.2% to 70.8% after replacing the VGG16 by ResNet101
Summary
Pine trees are currently the largest planted species in China. They are widely distributed in China and have a wide variety. Pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) caused by pine wood nematodes has a devastating effect, and its destructive power and fast-spreading speed pose a huge threat to pine forests [1]. In foreign countries, pine wilt disease prevention and control measures include biological and chemical control, such as killing the activity of pine wood nematodes with bacteria [2] or using chemical spray to kill pine wood nematodes [3]. Yamaguchi et al [4] found that the appropriate temperature was able to inhibit the growth of pine wood nematodes. In order to prevent pine wilt disease, Pan Jie et al [5] analyzed the hyperspectral image of the diseased Pinus massoniana and looked for the characteristic band of the diseased tree for early prevention
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