Desulforegulaceae emend

Abstract

Abstract De.sul.fo.re.gu.la.ce'a.e. N.L. fem. n. Desulforegula , type genus of the family; suff. ‐ aceae , ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Desulforegulaceae , the family of Desulforegula . Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulforegulaceae Cells are straight or slightly curved rods or vibrios and occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motile. Strict anaerobes with respiratory (all members) and fermentative (some members) types of metabolism. Chemoorganohetero trophic. Short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms are used as sole electron donors and carbon sources and are oxidized to acetate and mixtures of propionate and acetate, respectively. One genus can use alkenes as substrates. Chemolithoautotrophy is generally not found (exception is one species within the genus Desulfatiferula ). Sulfate can serve as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to sulfide; sulfite and thiosulfate might be used as well (depending on the genus). Mesophilic; the optimal temperature range for growth is between 25 and 34°C. Most members are neutrophilic with optimal growth pH between 6.8 and 7.7, and one species of the genus Desulfobotulus is alkaliphilic with optimal growth pH 9.9–10.1. One species of the genus Desulfocella is halophilic. The major menaquinones (MK‐7 and MK‐8) have only been determined for some members. The major cellular fatty acids depend on the genus; only C 16:0 is present in all members. The family currently accommodates four genera Desulfatiferula, Desulfobotulus, Desulfocella, and Desulforegula . Members of this family are found in anoxic freshwater, brackish water, marine, and hypersaline sediments. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 35.0–53.5 (LC, genome). Type genus : Desulforegula Rees and Patel 2001 VP .