Desorption of Positive and Negative Ions from Areoles of Opuntia microdasys Cactus at Atmospheric Pressure: Cactus-MS.

Abstract

The areoles and spines of cacti can be used to desorb ions of ionic liquids (ILs) by the mere action of an electric field into the atmospheric pressure (AP) interface of a mass spectrometer. The small cactus species Opuntia microdasys bears numerous very fine hairs on its areoles and tiny sharp spines that appeared suited to serve as needle electrodes sharp enough for field desorption of ions to occur. In fact, positive and negative ions of four ILs could be desorbed by a process analogous to AP field desorption (APFD). In contrast to APFD where activated field emitters are employed, the ILs were deposited onto one or two adjacent areoles by applying 1-3 µL of a dilute solution in methanol. After evaporation of the solvent, the cactus was positioned next to the spray shield electrode of a trapped ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight instrument. Desorption of IL cations and IL anions, respectively, did occur as soon as the electrode was set to potentials in the order of ±4.5 kV, while the cactus at ground potential was manually positioned in front of the entrance electrode to bring the areole covered with a film of the sample into the right position. Neither did mixing of ILs occur between neighboring areoles nor did the cactus suffer any damage upon its use as a botanical field emitter.